Distribution
What is Distribution ? = Distribution is about releasing and sustaining films in the market place. It is one of the most important aspects of film making. If a film is distributed well through marketing and advertising then people will want to go and watch the film.
What part of the supply chain is distribution? = The third part of the supply chain is an invisible art of distribution.
What is distribution often referred as? = Known as the invisible art and one of the most important parts of the film.
What does 'vertical integration' mean when discussing distribution? = This is when the three stages of distribution are seen as part of the same larger process under the control of one company.
Why isn't 'vertical integration' so common in the independent sector? = This is because they don't have connections with large exhibitors.
What three stages are involved in the independent sector? = The three stages are licensing, marketing and logistics.
Licensing
What is licensing? = Licensing is the process by which a distributor purchases the legal right to exploit a film.
What are the two levels of licensing? = The two levels of licensing are international and national.
What is the advantage of being a major US studio? = They have their own distribution offices in all major territories.
What three different types of rights can you acquire on local level? = The three rights are theatrical rights, video rights and TV right.
What are royalties? = Royalties have to pay to the producer which are taken from the profits the film generates.
What is the most effective way to increase interest in a film? = The most effective way to increase interest is by opening the film theatrically in cinemas.
How long does it take for a film to reach 'free to air' TV? = It takes two years after opening in cinemas for a film to come on television.
Marketing
What are the two key questions surrounding the marketing of a film? = The two key questions are When? and How?
What day are films typically released on? = Films are usually released on Fridays.
What will a distributor look at before releasing a film on a Friday? = They will look for a schedule where only a few films are scheduled for release.
What is a 'light' week in terms of distribution? = A light week will ensure that there will be both screen space and adequate review column inches in the press to allocated to any potential release.
What does it mean to 'position' a film a film distinctively? = When a film is positioned distinctively, it means it avoids a release date occupied with other films with similar traits.
Why has this become increasingly difficult in the UK? = It has become difficult because the release schedule has regularly featured over 10 releases in a week.
What are P&A? = This describes the costs of theatrical distribution met by local distributors (prints and advertising).
How much can P&A cost? = It can range from costing less than £1000 up to over £1 million.
Marketing- Prints and adverts
Typically how many prints will a specialised film have? = It will have fewer than 10 prints.
How many will mainstream films have? = These films will have over 200 prints.
What is a key factor in developing the profile of a film? = A key factor in developing the profile of a film is a favourable press response.
How else can awareness of a film be raised? = It can be raised by advertising in magazines and local or national newspapers.
Why is distribution in the UK seen as risky? = it is because of the cost of print advertising is comparably high.
Why are companies looking towards viral marketing? = Companies are looking towards this to extend the reach of advertising and develop more effective communication with audiences at lower costs.
What are the benefits of a 'talent visit'? = This is to create word of mouth and advance buzz around a film.
Logistics
In the pre digital film age what was distributor responsible for? = In the pre digital film age, a distributor was responsible for screening the film on certain ' play dates' and to arrange the transportation of a film to the cinema.
How much does 35mm of print typically cost?= Typically, a 35mm print will cost £1000.
How many reals is a typical feature print? = A typical feature print has 5 or 6 reals.
Why do 35mm prints get damaged? = They get damaged because they weigh a lot, around 20-25kg.
Where are prints stored? = Prints are stored in a single hard case.
How long did a theatrical release used to last? = They used to last around 6 months.
Digital Distribution
When did digital distribution begin in the UK?= Digital distribution started towards the end of 2005.
Name two advantages of digital distribution: Digital distribution is more cost effective. It is also less stressful to send films as a computer files to cinemas across the UK.
Which countries adopted digital distribution early and why? China and brazil were the first countries to adopt digital distribution.
How many screens were digital in 2005 and how many are now? = 2005 the UK Film Council Digital Screen network launched in the UK by Arts Alliance Media creating chain of 250 2K digital cinema systems.
Why has digital distribution radically altered the operating model of distributors? = The comparatively low cost of film copies and additional logistical effectiveness of digital distribution provide the distributor with greater flexibility.
What has happened to the typical release period for a film? = Films are now available to pre order while the film is still in cinemas.
What is a loss leader (Google it) and why are companies using cinema as a potential loss leader? = A loss leader is a strategy where a product is sold at a price below its market cost to stimulate other sales of more profitable goods or services.
Friday 11 December 2015
Wednesday 9 December 2015
Sunday 6 December 2015
June 2010 exam question
What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences?
Topic = Film Industry- the big six
Aspect = Digital Media - computers - editing - Mad max - tech - CGI - Ex Machina , Distribution - Netflix- Sky movies - Download - Illegal - DVD - Blu-Ray- free download- cheaper- consumer provides, Marketing- YouTube - Social Media - Viral Marketing.
Viewpoint = Developing - Improving
Instruction = Significance
Production
Post production
Distribution
Marketing
What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences?
Topic = Film Industry- the big six
Aspect = Digital Media - computers - editing - Mad max - tech - CGI - Ex Machina , Distribution - Netflix- Sky movies - Download - Illegal - DVD - Blu-Ray- free download- cheaper- consumer provides, Marketing- YouTube - Social Media - Viral Marketing.
Viewpoint = Developing - Improving
Instruction = Significance
Production
Post production
Distribution
Marketing
Saturday 5 December 2015
What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences?
The significance is that sci-fi action films are becoming more popular, this could mean that certain audiences will feel alienated as they may not want to watch these types of films. Digital media can be beneficial to a film as it can develop a film and make it more successful because film producers can include special visual effects, CGI characters and CGI sets. Institutions like Warner Brother's and Universal Studios will also become more successful as they will be making good films that will make large amounts of money.
Mad Max uses all of these aspects to create effects. In the car chasing scenes, an edge arm was used to film a sequence that they wouldn't have been able to film without it. The edge arm could shoot 5 shots in a sequence scene from a close up of Max, a medium shot of nux, to a medium long shot of nux and the war boy, then the camera pulled out to a long shot of the men in nux's car, and finishing the shot the camera pulls out to a wide shot of 180 cars and the war ring all in one sequence shot. This could not have been doable with a traditional camera. Mad max also used real stunts in their film, 80% of effects were real. To film the war boys jumping from car to car, pole cats were used from the circus, the cameras were then used at different angles to film them jumping. When editing the film, they had to cut out the wires that were attached to the men to make it look real. Ex Machina used CGI, when Ava was pulling the skin off of her robotic body. In a the scene where Ava goes into the wardrobe, she puts on clothes, this was done so it would be less money for the producers as they didn't have to CGI. In editing rotoscoping was used to film Ava doing an action more than once and edit parts of her body out to make her look more robotic. This was done to make the audience view her as a future robot.
The development of digital media technology has been influenced on how films are being distributed and shown. Both Mad max fury road and Ex Machina were films that were successful at the box office. Mad max was shown on 16,700 screens in 68 countries, it was distributed on a lot of screens because cinemas knew that the film would be popular to audiences as it is a sequel. It also was popular like most blockbuster films as it has a lot of action and explosions in, which is what the audience who watched It would expect to see. Ex Machina had a different approach to releasing their film. Ex Machina had a smaller target audience than Mad Max. To start off distribution of the film, they had to target film buffs as these kind of people were into sci-fi films, as The Avengers was released at the same time, so a majority of people went to see that film. So, Ex Machina was released on only 15 screens in US, but after waiting for The Avengers to have been seen by people, it was put on over 2000 screens. This meant that more audiences saw it as film buffs had reviewed it.
Since being screened on cinemas, both films have now developed onto more digital media technology like Netflix. Netflix is a website that requires people to sign up to a monthly membership to pay to watch films online for a small cost. Ex Machina is being shown on a site similar to Netflix, this means not only are more people able to view films for cheap, but it is still taking in money from having to pay a membership. Without the development of using digital media technology, illegal downloading could have had a negative impacts on cinemas as they wouldn't make as much money. Sky movies is also very popular to watch film on rom your TV, which also has a box office option to watch the latest films without having to go to the cinema and pay double. DVD's and Blu-Ray are still being used by people who don't have access to the other types of digital media, however this is a smaller percentage of people, and DVD's and Blu-ray are slowly becoming less popular. Overall, digital media technology has developed for media institution by making them more money and helping to provide a wider variety of audiences.
The development of digital media technology has made a big significance of how films are being marketed. Ex Machina was very clever with the way they marketed their film, they used social media. By using social media, it is a good way of advertising as lots of people use it and have access to it. Ex Machina used sites like Instagram and Tinder which are popular with young people, this can help to bring a wider audience to look at the film. As Ex Machina only had a small budget for their film, they needed to keeps costs low, and by using social media to market their film, it was free so they could spend money on other areas of the film. Mad Max had a different approach to marketing their film, as they had a larger budget, they could afford to spend money on advertisement to larger audiences. They used television adverts and YouTube adverts by showing the trailer of the best and most exciting parts of the film. People who will see the trailer will have an insight of the film and be drawn to see it as they know to expect large explosions and lots of action. Trailers are a development of digital media technology as producers can now show the film in different ways with the help of technology.
Overall, the significance of continuing development of digital media is shown in both Mad Max Fury Road and Ex Machina as they are both successful box office films which made money and the Institutions have also made a lot of money from making these films. The audiences of these films may have expanded and more people are seeing sci-fi films, so they are becoming more popular from the way they have been marketed like Ex Machina which has had the help from digital media technology becoming more advanced.
Mad Max uses all of these aspects to create effects. In the car chasing scenes, an edge arm was used to film a sequence that they wouldn't have been able to film without it. The edge arm could shoot 5 shots in a sequence scene from a close up of Max, a medium shot of nux, to a medium long shot of nux and the war boy, then the camera pulled out to a long shot of the men in nux's car, and finishing the shot the camera pulls out to a wide shot of 180 cars and the war ring all in one sequence shot. This could not have been doable with a traditional camera. Mad max also used real stunts in their film, 80% of effects were real. To film the war boys jumping from car to car, pole cats were used from the circus, the cameras were then used at different angles to film them jumping. When editing the film, they had to cut out the wires that were attached to the men to make it look real. Ex Machina used CGI, when Ava was pulling the skin off of her robotic body. In a the scene where Ava goes into the wardrobe, she puts on clothes, this was done so it would be less money for the producers as they didn't have to CGI. In editing rotoscoping was used to film Ava doing an action more than once and edit parts of her body out to make her look more robotic. This was done to make the audience view her as a future robot.
The development of digital media technology has been influenced on how films are being distributed and shown. Both Mad max fury road and Ex Machina were films that were successful at the box office. Mad max was shown on 16,700 screens in 68 countries, it was distributed on a lot of screens because cinemas knew that the film would be popular to audiences as it is a sequel. It also was popular like most blockbuster films as it has a lot of action and explosions in, which is what the audience who watched It would expect to see. Ex Machina had a different approach to releasing their film. Ex Machina had a smaller target audience than Mad Max. To start off distribution of the film, they had to target film buffs as these kind of people were into sci-fi films, as The Avengers was released at the same time, so a majority of people went to see that film. So, Ex Machina was released on only 15 screens in US, but after waiting for The Avengers to have been seen by people, it was put on over 2000 screens. This meant that more audiences saw it as film buffs had reviewed it.
Since being screened on cinemas, both films have now developed onto more digital media technology like Netflix. Netflix is a website that requires people to sign up to a monthly membership to pay to watch films online for a small cost. Ex Machina is being shown on a site similar to Netflix, this means not only are more people able to view films for cheap, but it is still taking in money from having to pay a membership. Without the development of using digital media technology, illegal downloading could have had a negative impacts on cinemas as they wouldn't make as much money. Sky movies is also very popular to watch film on rom your TV, which also has a box office option to watch the latest films without having to go to the cinema and pay double. DVD's and Blu-Ray are still being used by people who don't have access to the other types of digital media, however this is a smaller percentage of people, and DVD's and Blu-ray are slowly becoming less popular. Overall, digital media technology has developed for media institution by making them more money and helping to provide a wider variety of audiences.
The development of digital media technology has made a big significance of how films are being marketed. Ex Machina was very clever with the way they marketed their film, they used social media. By using social media, it is a good way of advertising as lots of people use it and have access to it. Ex Machina used sites like Instagram and Tinder which are popular with young people, this can help to bring a wider audience to look at the film. As Ex Machina only had a small budget for their film, they needed to keeps costs low, and by using social media to market their film, it was free so they could spend money on other areas of the film. Mad Max had a different approach to marketing their film, as they had a larger budget, they could afford to spend money on advertisement to larger audiences. They used television adverts and YouTube adverts by showing the trailer of the best and most exciting parts of the film. People who will see the trailer will have an insight of the film and be drawn to see it as they know to expect large explosions and lots of action. Trailers are a development of digital media technology as producers can now show the film in different ways with the help of technology.
Overall, the significance of continuing development of digital media is shown in both Mad Max Fury Road and Ex Machina as they are both successful box office films which made money and the Institutions have also made a lot of money from making these films. The audiences of these films may have expanded and more people are seeing sci-fi films, so they are becoming more popular from the way they have been marketed like Ex Machina which has had the help from digital media technology becoming more advanced.
Wednesday 2 December 2015
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